Most species of the famously large Rafflesia flower, which has long
captured the imagination with its enormous speckled red petals, are now at risk
of extinction, new research warned.
Rafflesia is actually a parasite, and lives on tropical vines
across parts of Southeast Asia, producing blooms that are among the largest in
the world.
It is something of an enigma, with its flowers emerging
unpredictably, and botanists have had limited success propagating it outside
its natural environment.
One species of the flower is currently classed as “critically
endangered”, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature.
To better understand the plant and its conservation status, an
international group of botanists examined 42 known Rafflesia species and their
habitats – primarily Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand.
Based on the rapid disappearance of its forest habitats, as well as
insufficient conservation strategies and protection plans, the plant is at far
greater risk than previously known, they said.
“We estimate that 60 per cent of Rafflesia species face a severe
risk of extinction,” the researchers wrote in the study, published in the
peer-reviewed Plants, People, Planet journal.
Some species risk going extinct before they are even known to
science, the study said, urging more research into the unusual plant.
“We urgently need a joined-up, cross-regional approach to save some
of the world’s most remarkable flowers, most of which are now on the brink of
being lost,” said Chris Thorogood, deputy director of Oxford University’s
Botanical Garden and a study author.
The research points out that the plant is believed to grow in
fairly limited areas, making it particularly vulnerable to habitat destruction.
It also highlights several bright spots in conservation efforts,
including successful propagation at a botanical garden in Indonesia’s West
Java, and sustainable ecotourism around the plant in West Sumatra.
Last year, nations pledged to protect 30 per cent of the world’s
land and seas by 2030 in a landmark deal to slow the disappearance of species
and ecosystems.
Repeated studies have warned that the twin threats of climate
change and environmental destruction caused by humans are dramatically reducing
biodiversity worldwide.
AFP
