Bharat’s criminal justice system is undergoing a major transformation today as three new criminal codes replace the British-era laws, including the Indian Penal Code (IPC). Here are the key points:
New Laws Implemented: The Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam replace the Indian Penal Code, Code of Criminal Procedure, and Indian Evidence Act.
Speedier Justice: The new laws aim to deliver faster justice. Judgments are required within 45 days of trial completion, and charges must be framed within 60 days of the first hearing.
Zero FIR: Citizens can now file a Zero FIR at any police station, irrespective of jurisdiction. Complaints can also be registered online, and summonses can be served electronically.
Crime Scene Videography: Videography of crime scenes is mandatory for all heinous crimes, enhancing evidence collection and ensuring transparency.
Forensic Teams: Forensic team visits are mandatory for offences carrying a sentence of seven years or more, increasing the demand for forensic experts nationwide.
Emerging Crimes Addressed: New provisions address emerging crimes such as gang rapes, mob killings, and false promises of marriage.
National Forensic Science University or NFSU: The NFSU has expanded its campuses to 9 States, with plans to reach 16 states, to support the increased demand for forensic experts.
Opposition’s Concerns: Opposition parties, including the Congress, argue that the decision to implement the new laws from July 1 was rushed and required more consultation.
West Bengal’s Stance: West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee has urged Prime Minister Narendra Modi to defer the implementation, suggesting a review by Parliament.
Judicial Endorsement: Chief Justice DY Chandrachud has hailed the new laws as a watershed moment, highlighting their impact on society’s day-to-day conduct.
These reforms aim to modernise Bharat’s legal system, making it more responsive and efficient in addressing contemporary challenges.
